Fragments & Run-Ons — Sentence Boundaries

Fragment: A group of words missing a subject, verb, or complete thought.

"Running through the park on a sunny day." — No subject, no main verb. Fragment.

Run-on: Two complete sentences jammed together without proper punctuation.

"She studied all night she passed the test." — Two independent clauses, no connector.

Fixes for run-ons:

1. Period: "She studied all night. She passed the test."

2. Semicolon: "She studied all night; she passed the test."

3. Comma + conjunction: "She studied all night, and she passed the test."

4. Subordination: "Because she studied all night, she passed the test."

SAT trap: Comma splices. "She studied all night, she passed the test." A comma alone cannot join two complete sentences.

Reference:

Wikipedia: Sentence Structure

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_clause_structure