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In 1920, John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner at Johns Hopkins University conditioned a nine-month-old infant — known as "Little Albert" — to fear a white rat by pairing its appearance with a loud, frightening noise.

The Procedure

  1. Albert was shown a white rat — he showed no fear initially
  2. Each time the rat appeared, researchers struck a steel bar loudly behind Albert's head
  3. After several pairings, Albert cried and crawled away from the rat alone — no noise needed
  4. The fear generalized to other white, furry objects: a rabbit, a dog, a fur coat, even a Santa Claus mask

What It Demonstrated

Human fears and phobias can be conditioned through association — supporting Watson's radical behaviorist view that psychology should focus on observable behavior, not internal mental states.

Ethical Legacy

The Little Albert experiment is now considered a landmark example of unethical psychological research. The infant was never deconditioned. Watson and Rayner left Johns Hopkins under separate scandalous circumstances before completing the study.


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Reference:

Wikipedia: Little Albert Experiment

image for linkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Albert_experiment

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